[Added 3-21-2006 by Ord. No. 0-06-14; amended 8-12-2008 by Ord. No. 0-08-31]

A. Policy statement. Flood control, groundwater recharge, and pollutant reduction through nonstructural or low-impact techniques shall be explored before relying on structural BMPs. Structural BMPs should be integrated with nonstructural stormwater management strategies and proper maintenance plans. Nonstructural strategies include both environmentally sensitive site design and source controls that prevent pollutants from being placed on the site or from being exposed to stormwater. Source control plans should be developed based upon physical site conditions and the origin, nature, and the anticipated quantity or amount of potential pollutants. Multiple stormwater management BMPs may be necessary to achieve the established performance standards for water quality, quantity, and groundwater recharge.

B. Purpose. It is the purpose of this article to establish minimum stormwater management requirements and controls for "major development," as defined in § 188-213.

C. Applicability.

(1) This article shall be applicable to all site plans and subdivisions for the following major developments that require preliminary or final site plan or subdivision review:

(a) Nonresidential major developments; and

(b) Aspects of residential major developments that are not preempted by the residential site improvement standards at N.J.A.C. 5:21.

(2) This article shall also be applicable to all major developments undertaken in the Township of Howell.

D. Compatibility with other permit and ordinance requirements. Development approvals issued for subdivisions and site plans pursuant to this article are to be considered an integral part of development approvals under the subdivision and site plan review process and do not relieve the applicant of the responsibility to secure required permits or approvals for activities regulated by any other applicable code, rule, act, or ordinance. In their interpretation and application, the provisions of this article shall be held to be the minimum requirements for the promotion of the public health, safety, and general welfare. This article is not intended to interfere with, abrogate, or annul any other ordinances, rule or regulation, statute, or other provision of law except that, where any provision of this article imposes restrictions different from those imposed by any other ordinance, rule or regulation, or other provision of law, the more restrictive provisions or higher standards shall control.

Unless specifically defined below, words or phrases used in this article shall be interpreted so as to give them the meaning they have in common usage and to give this article its most reasonable application. The definitions below are the same as or based on the corresponding definitions in the Stormwater Management Rules at N.J.A.C. 7:8-1.2.

CAFRA CENTERS, CORES OR NODES Those areas within boundaries accepted by the Department pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7:8E-5B.

CAFRA PLANNING MAP The geographic depiction of the boundaries for Coastal Planning Areas, CAFRA centers, CAFRA cores and CAFRA nodes pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7:7E-5B.3.

COMPACTION The increase in soil bulk density.

CORE A pedestrian-oriented area of commercial and civic uses serving the surrounding municipality, generally including housing and access to public transportation.

COUNTY REVIEW AGENCY An agency designated by the County Board of Chosen Freeholders to review municipal stormwater management plans and implementing ordinance(s). The county review agency may either be:

A. A county planning agency; or

B. A county water resource association created under N.J.S.A. 58:16A-55.5, if the ordinance or resolution delegates authority to approve, conditionally approve, or disapprove municipal stormwater management plans and implementing ordinances.

DEPARTMENT The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.

DESIGNATED CENTER A State Development and Redevelopment Plan Center as designated by the State Planning Commission such as urban, regional, town, village, or hamlet.

DESIGN ENGINEER A person professionally qualified and duly licensed in New Jersey to perform engineering services that may include, but not necessarily be limited to, development of project requirements, creation and development of project design and preparation of drawings and specifications.

DEVELOPMENT The division of a parcel of land into two or more parcels, the construction, reconstruction, conversion, structural alteration, relocation or enlargement of any building or structure, any mining excavation or landfill, and any use or change in the use of any building or other structure, or land or extension of use of land, by any person, for which permission is required under the Municipal Land Use Law, N.J.S.A. 40:55D-1 et seq. In the case of development of agricultural lands, "development" means any activity that requires a state permit; any activity reviewed by the County Agricultural Board (CAB) and the State Agricultural Development Committee (SADC), and municipal review of any activity not exempted by the Right to Farm Act, N.J.S.A. 4:1C-1 et seq.

DRAINAGE AREA A geographic area within which stormwater, sediments, or dissolved materials drain to a particular receiving water body or to a particular point along a receiving water body.

EMPOWERMENT NEIGHBORHOOD A neighborhood designated by the Urban Coordinating Council "in consultation and conjunction with" the New Jersey Redevelopment Authority pursuant to N.J.S.A. 55:19-69.

ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL AREA An area or feature which is of significant environmental value, including, but not limited to, stream corridors; natural heritage priority sites; habitats of endangered or threatened species; large areas of contiguous open space or upland forest; steep slopes; and wellhead protection and groundwater recharge areas. Habitats of endangered or threatened species are identified using the Department's Landscape Project as approved by the Department's Endangered and Nongame Species Program.

EROSION The detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments by water, wind, ice or gravity.

IMPERVIOUS SURFACE A surface that has been covered with a layer of material so that it is highly resistant to infiltration by water.

INFILTRATION The process by which water seeps into the soil from precipitation.

MAJOR DEVELOPMENT Any development that provides for ultimately disturbing one or more acres of land. Disturbance for the purpose of this rule is the placement of impervious surface or exposure and/or movement of soil or bedrock or clearing, cutting, or removing of vegetation.

MUNICIPALITY Any city, borough, town, township, or village.

NODE An area designated by the State Planning Commission concentrating facilities and activities which are not organized in a compact form.

NUTRIENT A chemical element or compound, such as nitrogen or phosphorus, which is essential to and promotes the development of organisms.

PERSON Any individual, corporation, company, partnership, firm, association, the Township of Howell, or political subdivision of this state subject to municipal jurisdiction pursuant to the Municipal Land Use Law, N.J.S.A. 40:55D-1 et seq.

POLLUTANT Any dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, filter backwash, sewage, garbage, refuse, oil, grease, sewage sludge, munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials, medical wastes, radioactive substance [except those regulated under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.)], thermal waste, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt, industrial, municipal, agricultural, and construction waste or runoff, or other residue discharged directly or indirectly to the land, groundwaters or surface waters of the state, or to a domestic treatment works. "Pollutant" includes both hazardous and nonhazardous pollutants.

RECHARGE The amount of water from precipitation that infiltrates into the ground and is not evapotranspired.

SEDIMENT Solid material, mineral or organic, that is in suspension, is being transported, or has been moved from its site of origin by air, water or gravity as a product of erosion.

SITE The lot or lots upon which a major development is to occur or has occurred.

SOIL All unconsolidated mineral and organic material of any origin.

STATE DEVELOPMENT AND REDEVELOPMENT PLAN METROPOLITAN PLANNING AREA (PA1) An area delineated on the State Plan Policy Map and adopted by the State Planning Commission that is intended to be the focus for much of the state's future redevelopment and revitalization efforts.

STATE PLAN POLICY MAP The geographic application of the State Development and Redevelopment Plan's goals and statewide policies, and the official map of these goals and policies.

STORMWATER Water resulting from precipitation (including rain and snow) that runs off the land's surface, is transmitted to the subsurface, or is captured by separate storm sewers or other sewage or drainage facilities, or conveyed by snow removal equipment.

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT BASIN An excavation or embankment and related areas designed to retain stormwater runoff. A stormwater management basin may either be normally dry (that is, a detention basin or infiltration basin), retain water in a permanent pool (a retention basin), or be planted mainly with wetland vegetation (most constructed stormwater wetlands).

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITY A structural stormwater management measure used to address groundwater recharge, and/or stormwater runoff quantity control and/or stormwater runoff quality control. A stormwater management facility is also known as a structural best management practice (BMP), as specified and outlined in the New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual, latest edition. A stormwater management facility can be a bioretention system, constructed stormwater wetlands, dry wells, extended detention basins, infiltration basins, manufactured treatment devices, pervious paving systems, sand filters, vegetative filters and wet ponds.

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT MEASURE Any structural or nonstructural strategy, practice, technology, process, program, or other method intended to control or reduce stormwater runoff and associated pollutants, or to induce or control the infiltration or groundwater recharge of stormwater or to eliminate illicit or illegal nonstormwater discharges into stormwater conveyances.

STORMWATER RUNOFF Water flow on the surface of the ground or in storm sewers, resulting from precipitation.

TIDAL FLOOD HAZARD AREA A flood hazard area, which may be influenced by stormwater runoff from inland areas, but which is primarily caused by the Atlantic Ocean.

URBAN COORDINATING COUNCIL EMPOWERMENT NEIGHBORHOOD A neighborhood given priority access to state resources through the New Jersey Redevelopment Authority.

URBAN ENTERPRISE ZONE A zone designated by the New Jersey Enterprise Zone Authority pursuant to the New Jersey Urban Enterprise Zones Act, N.J.S.A. 52:27H-60 et seq.

URBAN REDEVELOPMENT AREA Previously developed portions of areas:

A. Delineated on the State Plan Policy Map (SPPM) as the Metropolitan Planning Area (PA1), designated centers, cores or nodes;

B. Designated as CAFRA centers, cores or nodes;

C. Designated as Urban Enterprise Zones; and

D. Designated as Urban Coordinating Council Empowerment Neighborhoods.

WATERS OF THE STATE The ocean and its estuaries, all springs, streams, wetlands, and bodies of surface or ground water, whether natural or artificial, within the boundaries of the State of New Jersey or subject to its jurisdiction.

WETLANDS OR WETLAND An area that is inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, commonly known as "hydrophytic vegetation."

A. Stormwater management measures for major development shall be developed to meet the erosion control, groundwater recharge, stormwater runoff quantity, and stormwater runoff quality standards in § 188-215. To the maximum extent practicable, these standards shall be met by incorporating nonstructural stormwater management strategies into the design. If these strategies alone are not sufficient to meet these standards, structural stormwater management measures necessary to meet these standards shall be incorporated into the design.

B. The standards in this article apply only to new major development and are intended to minimize the impact of stormwater runoff on water quality and water quantity in receiving water bodies and maintain groundwater recharge. The standards do not apply to new major development to the extent that alternative design and performance standards are applicable under a regional stormwater management plan or water quality management plan adopted in accordance with Department rules. Such alternative standards shall provide at least as much protection from stormwater-related loss of groundwater recharge, stormwater quantity and water quality impacts of major development projects as would be provided under the standards in this article.

C. For site improvements regulated under the Residential Site Improvement Standards (RSIS) at N.J.A.C. 5:21, the RSIS shall apply in addition to this section except to the extent the RSIS are superseded by this section or alternative standards applicable under a regional stormwater management plan or water quality management plan adopted in accordance with Department rules.

Stormwater management requirements for major development shall be as follows:

A. The development shall incorporate a maintenance plan for the stormwater management measures incorporated into the design of a major development in accordance with § 188-221.

B. Stormwater management measures shall avoid adverse impacts of concentrated flow on habitats for threatened and endangered species as documented in the Department's Landscape Project or Natural Heritage Database established under N.J.S.A. 13:1B-15.147 through 13:1B-15.150, particularly Helonias bullata (swamp pink) and/or Clemmys muhlenbergi (bog turtle).

C. The following linear development projects are exempt from the groundwater recharge, stormwater runoff quantity, and stormwater runoff quality requirements of Subsections F and G:

(1) The construction of an underground utility line, provided that the disturbed areas are revegetated upon completion;

(2) The construction of an aboveground utility line, provided that the existing conditions are maintained to the maximum extent practicable; and

(3) The construction of a public pedestrian access, such as a sidewalk or trail with a maximum width of 14 feet, provided that the access is made of permeable material.

D. A waiver from strict compliance from the groundwater recharge, stormwater runoff quantity, and stormwater runoff quality requirements of Subsections F and G may be obtained for the enlargement of an existing public roadway or railroad; or the construction or enlargement of a public pedestrian access, provided that the following conditions are met:

(1) The applicant demonstrates that there is a public need for the project that cannot be accomplished by any other means;

(2) The applicant demonstrates through an alternatives analysis that, through the use of nonstructural and structural stormwater management strategies and measures, the option selected complies with the requirements of Subsections F and G to the maximum extent practicable;

(3) The applicant demonstrates that, in order to meet the requirements of Subsections F and G, existing structures currently in use, such as homes and buildings, would need to be condemned; and

(4) The applicant demonstrates that it does not own or have other rights to areas, including the potential to obtain through condemnation lands not falling under Subsection D(3) above within the upstream drainage area of the receiving stream, that would provide additional opportunities to mitigate the requirements of Subsections F and G that were not achievable on site.

E. Nonstructural stormwater management strategies.

(1) To the maximum extent practicable, the standards in Subsections F and G shall be met by incorporating nonstructural stormwater management strategies set forth at Subsection E into the design. The applicant shall identify the nonstructural measures incorporated into the design of the project. If the applicant contends that it is not feasible for engineering, environmental, or safety reasons to incorporate any nonstructural stormwater management measures identified in Subsection E(2) below into the design of a particular project, the applicant shall identify the strategy considered and provide a basis for the contention.

(2) Nonstructural stormwater management strategies incorporated into site design shall:

(a) Protect areas that provide water quality benefits or areas particularly susceptible to erosion and sediment loss;

(b) Minimize impervious surfaces and break up or disconnect the flow of runoff over impervious surfaces;

(c) Maximize the protection of natural drainage features and vegetation;

(d) Minimize the decrease in the "time of concentration" from preconstruction to postconstruction. "Time of concentration" is defined as the time it takes for runoff to travel from the hydraulically most distant point of the watershed to the point of interest within a watershed;

(e) Minimize land disturbance, including clearing and grading;

(f) Minimize soil compaction;

(g) Provide low-maintenance landscaping that encourages retention and planting of native vegetation and minimizes the use of lawns, fertilizers and pesticides;

(h) Provide vegetated open-channel conveyance systems discharging into and through stable vegetated areas;

(i) Provide other source controls to prevent or minimize the use or exposure of pollutants at the site, in order to prevent or minimize the release of those pollutants into stormwater runoff. Such source controls include, but are not limited to:

[1] Site design features that help to prevent accumulation of trash and debris in drainage systems, including features that satisfy Subsection E(3) below;

[2] Site design features that help to prevent discharge of trash and debris from drainage systems;

[3] Site design features that help to prevent and/or contain spills or other harmful accumulations of pollutants at industrial or commercial developments; and

[4] When establishing vegetation after land disturbance, applying fertilizer in accordance with the requirements established under the Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Act, N.J.S.A. 4:24-39 et seq., and implementing rules.

(3) Site design features identified under Subsection E(2)(i)[2] above shall comply with the following standard to control passage of solid and floatable materials through storm drain inlets. For purposes of this subsection, "solid and floatable materials" means sediment, debris, trash, and other floating, suspended, or settleable solids. For exemptions to this standard, see Subsection E(3)(c) below.

(a) Grates.

[1] Design engineers shall use either of the following grates whenever they use a grate in pavement or another ground surface to collect stormwater from that surface into a storm drain or surface water body under that grate:

[a] The New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) bicycle-safe grate, which is described in Chapter 2.4 of the NJDOT Bicycle Compatible Roadways and Bikeways Planning and Design Guidelines (April 1996); or

[b] A different grate, if each individual clear space in that grate has an area of no more than seven square inches, or is no greater than 0.5 inch across the smallest dimension.

[2] Examples of grates subject to this standard include grates in grate inlets, the grate portion (non-curb-opening portion) of combination inlets, grates on storm sewer manholes, ditch grates, trench grates, and grates of spacer bars in slotted drains. Examples of ground surfaces include surfaces of roads (including bridges), driveways, parking areas, bikeways, plazas, sidewalks, lawns, fields, open channels, and stormwater basin floors.

(b) Whenever design engineers use a curb-opening inlet, the clear space in that curb opening (or each individual clear space, if the curb opening has two or more clear spaces) shall have an area of no more than seven square inches, or be no greater than two inches across the smallest dimension.

(c) This standard does not apply:

[1] Where the review agency determines that this standard would cause inadequate hydraulic performance that could not practicably be overcome by using additional or larger storm drain inlets that meet these standards;

[2] Where flows from the water quality design storm as specified in Subsection G(1) are conveyed through any device (e.g., end-of-pipe netting facility, manufactured treatment device, or a catch basin hood) that is designed, at a minimum, to prevent delivery of all solid and floatable materials that could not pass through one of the following:

[a] A rectangular space 4 5/8 inches long and 1 1/2 inches wide (this option does not apply for outfall netting facilities); or

[b] A bar screen having a bar spacing of 0.5 inch.

[3] Where flows are conveyed through a trash rack that has parallel bars with one-inch spacing between the bars, to the elevation of the water quality design storm as specified in Subsection G(1); or

[4] Where the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection determines, pursuant to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places Rules at N.J.A.C. 7:4-7.2(c), that action to meet this standard is an undertaking that constitutes an encroachment or will damage or destroy the New Jersey Register listed historic property.

(4) Any land area used as a nonstructural stormwater management measure to meet the performance standards in Subsections F and G shall be dedicated to a government agency, subjected to a conservation restriction filed with the Monmouth County Clerk's office, or subject to an approved equivalent restriction that ensures that measure or an equivalent stormwater management measure approved by the reviewing agency is maintained in perpetuity.

(5) Guidance for nonstructural stormwater management strategies is available in the New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. The BMP Manual may be obtained from the address identified in § 188-218, or found on the Department's website at www.njstormwater.org.

F. Erosion control, groundwater recharge and runoff quantity standards.

(1) This subsection contains minimum design and performance standards to control erosion, encourage and control infiltration and groundwater recharge, and control stormwater runoff quantity impacts of major development.

(a) The minimum design and performance standards for erosion control are those established under the Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Act, N.J.S.A. 4:24-39 et seq., and implementing rules.

(b) The minimum design and performance standards for groundwater recharge are as follows:

[1] The design engineer shall, using the assumptions and factors for stormwater runoff and groundwater recharge calculations at § 188-216, either:

[a] Demonstrate through hydrologic and hydraulic analysis that the site and its stormwater management measures maintain 100% of the average annual preconstruction groundwater recharge volume for the site; or

[b] Demonstrate through hydrologic and hydraulic analysis that the increase of stormwater runoff volume from preconstruction to postconstruction for the two-year storm is infiltrated.

[2] This groundwater recharge requirement does not apply to projects within the "urban redevelopment area," or to projects subject to Subsection F(1)(b)[3] below.

[3] The following types of stormwater shall not be recharged:

[a] Stormwater from areas of high pollutant loading. High pollutant loading areas are areas in industrial and commercial developments where solvents and/or petroleum products are loaded/unloaded, stored, or applied; areas where pesticides are loaded/unloaded or stored; areas where hazardous materials are expected to be present in greater than "reportable quantities" as defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) at 40 CFR 302.4; areas where recharge would be inconsistent with a Department-approved remedial action work plan or landfill closure plan; and areas with high risks for spills of toxic materials, such as gas stations and vehicle maintenance facilities; and

[b] Industrial stormwater exposed to source material. "Source material" means any material(s) or machinery, located at an industrial facility, that is directly or indirectly related to process, manufacturing or other industrial activities, which could be a source of pollutants in any industrial stormwater discharge to groundwater. Source materials include, but are not limited to, raw materials; intermediate products; final products; waste materials; by-products; industrial machinery and fuels, and lubricants, solvents, and detergents that are related to process, manufacturing, or other industrial activities that are exposed to stormwater.

[4] The design engineer shall assess the hydraulic impact on the groundwater table and design the site so as to avoid adverse hydraulic impacts. Potential adverse hydraulic impacts include, but are not limited to, exacerbating a naturally or seasonally high water table so as to cause surficial ponding, flooding of basements, or interference with the proper operation of subsurface sewage disposal systems and other subsurface structures in the vicinity or downgradient of the groundwater recharge area.

(c) In order to control stormwater runoff quantity impacts, the design engineer shall, using the assumptions and factors for stormwater runoff calculations at § 188-216, complete one of the following:

[1] Demonstrate through hydrologic and hydraulic analysis that for stormwater leaving the site, postconstruction runoff hydrographs for the two-, ten-, and one-hundred-year storm events do not exceed, at any point in time, the preconstruction runoff hydrographs for the same storm events;

[2] Demonstrate through hydrologic and hydraulic analysis that there is no increase, as compared to the preconstruction condition, in the peak runoff rates of stormwater leaving the site for the two-, ten-, and one-hundred-year storm events and that the increased volume or change in timing of stormwater runoff will not increase flood damage at or downstream of the site. This analysis shall include the analysis of impacts of existing land uses and projected land uses assuming full development under existing zoning and land use ordinances in the drainage area;

[3] Design stormwater management measures so that the postconstruction peak runoff rates for the two-, ten-, and one-hundred-year storm events are 50%, 75% and 80%, respectively, of the preconstruction peak runoff rates. The percentages apply only to the postconstruction stormwater runoff that is attributable to the portion of the site on which the proposed development or project is to be constructed. The percentages shall not be applied to postconstruction stormwater runoff into tidal flood hazard areas if the increased volume of stormwater runoff will not increase flood damages below the point of discharge; or

[4] In tidal flood hazard areas, stormwater runoff quantity analysis in accordance with Subsection F(1)(c)[1], [2] and [3] above shall only be applied if the increased volume of stormwater runoff could increase flood damages below the point of discharge.

(2) Any application for a new agricultural development that meets the definition of "major development" at § 188-213 shall be submitted to the appropriate Soil Conservation District for review and approval in accordance with the requirements of this section and any applicable Soil Conservation District guidelines for stormwater runoff quantity and erosion control. For the purposes of this section, "agricultural development" means land uses normally associated with the production of food, fiber and livestock for sale. Such uses do not include the development of land for the processing or sale of food and the manufacturing of agriculturally related products.

G. Stormwater runoff quality standards.

(1) Stormwater management measures shall be designed to reduce the postconstruction load of total suspended solids (TSS) in stormwater runoff by 80% of the anticipated load from the developed site, expressed as an annual average. Stormwater management measures shall only be required for water quality control if an additional 1/4 acre of impervious surface is being proposed on a development site. The requirement to reduce TSS does not apply to any stormwater runoff in a discharge regulated under a numeric effluent limitation for TSS imposed under the New Jersey Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NJPDES) rules, N.J.A.C. 7:14A, or in a discharge specifically exempt under a NJPDES permit from this requirement. The water quality design storm is 1.25 inches of rainfall in two hours. Water quality calculations shall take into account the distribution of rain from the water quality design storm, as reflected in Table 1. The calculation of the volume of runoff may take into account the implementation of nonstructural and structural stormwater management measures.